PUBLIC HEALTH BLOG AND UPDATES

  Typhoid fever is the systematic bacterial infection mainly caused by Salmonella typhi  only in human populations. It includes both typhoid and paratyphoid fever. Causative Agent: Typhoid fever: Salmonella typhi (Gram negative) Paratyphoid fever: Salmonella paratyphi 'A', Salmonella paratyphi 'B', Salmonella paratyphi 'C'. Source of Infection: Primary sources: Feces and urine of infected case or carrier Secondary sources: Contaminated water, food, finger,flies Reservoir of Infection: Sub-clinical and active case (man) and active carrier. More cases are reported among males than females, but carrier rate is more in female. Chronic carrier are those excreting bacilli for more than a year, may expected to develop in 2-5% of cases. Incubation Period:  10-14 days Mode of Transmission: Feco-oral or urine-oral route. It is also transmitted indirectly by the ingestion of contaminated water, milk, foods or through flies. Clinical Features: First Week: Gradual onset of h...