PUBLIC HEALTH BLOG AND UPDATES

  Typhoid fever is the systematic bacterial infection mainly caused by Salmonella typhi  only in human populations. It includes both typhoid and paratyphoid fever. Causative Agent: Typhoid fever: Salmonella typhi (Gram negative) Paratyphoid fever: Salmonella paratyphi 'A', Salmonella paratyphi 'B', Salmonella paratyphi 'C'. Source of Infection: Primary sources: Feces and urine of infected case or carrier Secondary sources: Contaminated water, food, finger,flies Reservoir of Infection: Sub-clinical and active case (man) and active carrier. More cases are reported among males than females, but carrier rate is more in female. Chronic carrier are those excreting bacilli for more than a year, may expected to develop in 2-5% of cases. Incubation Period:  10-14 days Mode of Transmission: Feco-oral or urine-oral route. It is also transmitted indirectly by the ingestion of contaminated water, milk, foods or through flies. Clinical Features: First Week: Gradual onset of h...

Introduction Rabies is an acute, highly fatal viral disease of the Central Nervous System  (CNS), caused by Lyssavirus type. It is primarily a zoonotic disease of warm blooded animals, particularly carnivorous such as dogs, cats, jackals and wolves. Agent Lyssavirus type 1 is a bullet shaped neurotropic RNA containing virus. It belongs to the family rhabdoviridae - serotype 1 and is the causative agent of rabies. Mode of Transmission Animal Bites: Through rabid dog bites or wild animals Licks on abraded skin and mucosa by rabid animals Person to person (rare)  Incubation Period It is highly variable in human, commonly 3-8 weeks following exposure, but may vary from 4 days to many years. The incubation period depends upon the site if bite, severity of the bite, number of wounds, amount of virus injected, species of the biting animal. In general, incubation period tends to be shorter in severe exposures and bites on face, head, neck and upper extremities and bites by wild anim...