PUBLIC HEALTH BLOG AND UPDATES

नीति तथा कार्यक्रममा स्वास्थ्यसम्बन्धी सरकारले समेटेका विषय यस्ता छन् : यस वर्षको नीति तथा कार्यक्रममा स्वास्थ्य बिमा कार्यक्रमकाे पुनरावलोकन गरिने बताइएको छ । सरकारले स्वास्थ्य बिमा सुरु गरेको ७ वर्ष भइसक्दा पनि सेवा भने प्रभावकारी बन्न सकेको छैन । वि.सं. २५ चैत २०७२ साल देखि नेपालमा स्वास्थ्य बिमा कार्यक्रम सुरु भएको थियो । ६० औँ महालेखाले प्रतिवेदनले पनि स्वास्थ्य बिमा सेवाको प्रभावकारितामाथि पनि प्रश्न उठाएको थियो । प्रतिवेदनले स्वास्थ्य बिमा कार्यक्रम दिगो रूपमा सञ्चालन हुन कठिनाइ देखिने उल्लेख गरेको छ । सरकारले प्रदेशस्तरमा सेन्टर फर एक्सिलेन्सको रूपमा राष्ट्रिय र प्रदेशस्तरीय टेलिमेडिसिन सेन्टर स्थापना गर्दै लगिने योजना रहेको बताएको छ । प्रत्येक वडामा आधारभूत स्वास्थ्य परीक्षण तथा उपचारसहितको स्वास्थ्य केन्द्र स्थापना गरिने भनिएको छ । अशक्त, असहाय र ज्येष्ठ नागरिकलाई घरदैलोमै आधारभूत स्वास्थ्य सेवा प्रदान गरिने कार्यक्रममा उल्लेख छ । आधारभूत अस्पतालहरूमा एक एमडिजिपी, एक महिला तथा प्रसूति रोग विशेषज्ञ, कम्तीमा तीनजना मेडिकल अधिकृत र आवश्यक न...

 https://www.slideshare.net/BikashDangaura1/international-classification-of-diseasespptx-257860675

  Typhoid fever is the systematic bacterial infection mainly caused by Salmonella typhi  only in human populations. It includes both typhoid and paratyphoid fever. Causative Agent: Typhoid fever: Salmonella typhi (Gram negative) Paratyphoid fever: Salmonella paratyphi 'A', Salmonella paratyphi 'B', Salmonella paratyphi 'C'. Source of Infection: Primary sources: Feces and urine of infected case or carrier Secondary sources: Contaminated water, food, finger,flies Reservoir of Infection: Sub-clinical and active case (man) and active carrier. More cases are reported among males than females, but carrier rate is more in female. Chronic carrier are those excreting bacilli for more than a year, may expected to develop in 2-5% of cases. Incubation Period:  10-14 days Mode of Transmission: Feco-oral or urine-oral route. It is also transmitted indirectly by the ingestion of contaminated water, milk, foods or through flies. Clinical Features: First Week: Gradual onset of h...

Introduction CB-IMNCI is an integration of CB-IMCI and CB-NCP programs as per the decision of MoH on 28th Ashwin 2071 B.S. (14th October 2015). This integrated package of child survival intervention addresses the major newborn care conditions including birth asphyxia, bacterial infection, jaundice, low birth weight, and encouragement of breastfeeding. It addresses the major illness of 2-39 months old children: Pneumonia, Diarrhea, Malaria, Measles, and Malnutrition in a holistic way. In CBIMNCI program, FCHVs are expected to carry out health promotional activities for maternal, newborn, and child health and dispensing of essential commodities like distribution of Zinc, ORS, Chlorhexidine which do not require assessment and diagnostic skills, and immediate referral in case of any danger signs appeared among sick newborns and children. Goal Improve newborn and child survival and healthy growth and development. Targets Reduction of under-5 mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) to 28 by ...

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The DoHS is responsible for delivering preventive, promotive, diagnostic, and curative health services through Hospitals, PHCCs, HPs, PHC/ORCs. The various Public Health Programs Under DOHS are: Child Health Programs Expanded Program on Immunization Nutrition Programs CBIMNCI and Newborn Care Family Health Programs Family Planning Safe Motherhood and Newborn Health FCHV Program PHC-ORC Demography and Reproductive Health Research Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Disease Control Programs Malaria Kala-azar Lymphatic Filariasis Dengue Tuberculosis Leprosy HIV/AIDS and STI Curative Services Treatment/Referral Curative Health Services as OPD, Indoor, and Emergency Other Programs Oral Health Mental Health Occupational Health Elderly Health Services for Conflict Victims Non-Communicable Diseases Outbreak Management Other services than modern health care like Ayurveda, Unani, Homeopathy, Naturopathy, Herbal, and Tibetan  Supporting Programs Health Training Health Education, Inform...

Global Handwashing Day is an annual global advocacy day dedicated to promote handwashing with soap as a simple, effective, and inexpensive way for disease prevention and save lives from diseases.  Established by the Global Handwashing Alliance, Global Handwashing Day is an opportunity to plan, evaluate, and replicate innovative ways to empower people at crucial times to wash their hands with soap. On October 15th every year, Global Handwashing Day is celebrated.  In 2008, when more than 120 million children worldwide washed their hands with soap in more than 70 countries, the first Global Hand Washing Day was celebrated. Global Hand Washing Day has been used by the community and national leaders since 2008 to spread the word about handwashing, create sinks and tippy taps, and display the simplicity and value of clean hands. Global Handwashing Day has continued to expand since then. Governments, schools, international organizations, civil society groups, NG...

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), officially known as Transforming Our World: 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is a set of 17 "Global Goals" with 169 Targets. There are 17 Goals of Sustainable Development. They are: No Poverty Zero Hunger Good Health and Well-being Quality Education Gender Equality Clean Water and Sanitation Affordable and Clean Energy Decent Work and Economic Growth Industry, Innovation and Production Reduced Inequalities Sustainable Cities and Communities Responsible Consumption and Production Climate Action Life Below Water Life on Land Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions; and Partnership for the Goals Background of the SDG Goals The SDGs were born at the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development in Rio De Jeneiro in 2012. ne of the principal outcomes of Rio 2012 was the call to produce a set of universally applicable Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that balance the environmental, social and economic dimensions of Sustain...

The United Nations Millennium Development Goals are eight goals th at all 191 UN member states have agreed to try to achieve by the year 2015. The United Nations Millennium Declaration, signed in September 2000 commits world leaders to combat poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, environmental degradation, and discrimination against women. The MDGs are derived from this declaration, and all have specific targets and indicators. The Eight  Millennium Development Goals are: To eradicate extreme poverty and hunger To achieve universal primary education To promote gender equality and empower women To reduce child mortality To improve maternal health To combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases To ensure environmental sustainability; and To develop a global partnership for development The MDGs are inter-dependent; all the MDGs influence health, and health influences all the MDGs. For example, better health enables children to learn and adults to earn. Gender equality is es...

Introduction Rabies is an acute, highly fatal viral disease of the Central Nervous System  (CNS), caused by Lyssavirus type. It is primarily a zoonotic disease of warm blooded animals, particularly carnivorous such as dogs, cats, jackals and wolves. Agent Lyssavirus type 1 is a bullet shaped neurotropic RNA containing virus. It belongs to the family rhabdoviridae - serotype 1 and is the causative agent of rabies. Mode of Transmission Animal Bites: Through rabid dog bites or wild animals Licks on abraded skin and mucosa by rabid animals Person to person (rare)  Incubation Period It is highly variable in human, commonly 3-8 weeks following exposure, but may vary from 4 days to many years. The incubation period depends upon the site if bite, severity of the bite, number of wounds, amount of virus injected, species of the biting animal. In general, incubation period tends to be shorter in severe exposures and bites on face, head, neck and upper extremities and bites by wild anim...

  Researchers around the world are developing   more than 165 vaccines   against the coronavirus, and   32 vaccines   are in human trials. Vaccines typically require years of research and testing before reaching the clinic, but scientists are racing to produce a   safe and effective vaccine   by next year. Antibody produced in response to a vaccine SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus Work began in January with the deciphering of the  SARS-CoV-2 genome . The first vaccine safety trials in humans started in March, but the road ahead remains uncertain. Some trials will fail, and others may end without a clear result. But a few may succeed in stimulating the immune system to produce effective antibodies against the virus. Here is the status of all the vaccines that have reached trials in humans, along with a selection of promising vaccines still being tested in cells or animals. For an overview of different Covid-19 treatments, see our  Coronavirus Drug and T...

Introduction Dengue  is a mosquito-borne viral disease that has rapidly spread in many countries worldwide in recent years. In Nepal, dengue is a rapidly emerging disease. Endemic across most provinces, dengue  incidence has increased in recent years largely due to expansion of the vector Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, as well as the movement of people and the introduction of imported cases. All 4 dengue serotypes exist in Nepal, with DENV-1 historically contributing the highest burden. Prevention, clinical case management, surveillance, vector control and management and outbreak response are ongoing in Nepal, however there is a need to strengthen these especially at a time of national decentralization towards a federalized system. National dengue guidelines was first developed in Nepal in 2008 based on the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines 1997 which was revised in 2011. This revised national guidelines on dengue prevention, management and control, 2019 aims ...

 Introduction: Snakebite is an important occupational hazard affecting farmers, plantation workers, herders and fishermen. Open-style habitation and the practice of sleeping on the floor also expose people to bites from nocturnal snakes, with children being at a particularly high risk. In rural Nepal, snakebite is an important public health problem. The agriculturally prosperous terai region with hot climate, high seasonal rainfall, lush natural vegetation, high density of rodents, rich reptiles and amphibian flora make an ideal habitat for snake to live and increase availability of marshy land to undergo hibernation. The abundance of snake and human activities, mainly agriculture, increases the man– snake encounter leading to snakebite. Nocturnal snakebite is also common in Nepal due to the sleeping habit. Snakebite is a life threatening medical emergency and survival of the victims depends much on the appropriate first aid measures and immediate transportation to the nearest heal...